Coronavirus disease 2019
COVID-19 is a contagious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In January 2020, the disease spread worldwide, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic.
The symptoms of COVID‑19 can vary but often include fever,[7] fatigue, cough, breathing difficulties, loss of smell, and loss of taste.[8][9][10] Symptoms may begin one to fourteen days after exposure to the virus. At least a third of people who are infected do not develop noticeable symptoms.[11][12] Of those who develop symptoms noticeable enough to be classified as patients, most (81%) develop mild to moderate symptoms (up to mild pneumonia), while 14% develop severe symptoms (dyspnea, hypoxia, or more than 50% lung involvement on imaging), and 5% develop critical symptoms (respiratory failure, shock, or multiorgan dysfunction).[13] Older people have a higher risk of developing severe symptoms. Some complications result in death. Some people continue to experience a range of effects (long COVID) for months or years after infection, and damage to organs has been observed.[14] Multi-year studies on the long-term effects are ongoing.[15]
COVID‑19 transmission occurs when infectious particles are breathed in or come into contact with the eyes, nose, or mouth. The risk is highest when people are in close proximity, but small airborne particles containing the virus can remain suspended in the air and travel over longer distances, particularly indoors. Transmission can also occur when people touch their eyes, nose, or mouth after touching surfaces or objects that have been contaminated by the virus. People remain contagious for up to 20 days and can spread the virus even if they do not develop symptoms.[16]
Testing methods for COVID-19 to detect the virus’s nucleic acid include real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‑PCR),[17][18] transcription-mediated amplification,[17][18][19] and reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT‑LAMP)[17][18] from a nasopharyngeal swab.[20]
Several COVID-19 vaccines have been approved and distributed in various countries, many of which have initiated mass vaccination campaigns. Other preventive measures include physical or social distancing, quarantining, ventilation of indoor spaces, use of face masks or coverings in public, covering coughs and sneezes, hand washing, and keeping unwashed hands away from the face. While drugs have been developed to inhibit the virus, the primary treatment is still symptomatic, managing the disease through supportive care, isolation, and experimental measures.
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‘Interview with the Vampire’ loaded with dark, surreal shocks
[The following review was my very first published in The Kansas City Kansan on Nov. 8, 1994. Since the now long gone Kansan was a local newspaper, the editor included the fact that I was also teaching at a local high school.]
By Steve Crum
Not far into Neil Jordan’s Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles, one realizes that a more apt title would be Therapy Session with the Vampire. For here is a bloodsucker in deep depression with a number of connected problems.
Using Anne Rice’s popular novel, director Jordan and screenwriter Rice open the story in a modern day San Francisco hotel room where a
newspaper reporter (Christian Slater) has been “summoned” to document the last two centuries of Louis Pointe du Lac (Brad Pitt). A plantation owner in 1791 New Orleans, Louis’ life is shattered when his wife and child die in childbirth. He then succumbs to vampirism as “a release from the pain of living” when Lestat de Lioncourt (Tom Cruise) sells him on the idea of a happier, and eternal, life. Louis becomes a team player, er, biter.
During the course of the “interview,” we see the perverse Lestat teach Louis the skills of vampirism. But Louis has an aversion to human targets, preferring rats, chickens, and in one very darkly comedic scene, an elderly lady’s poodles.
When Louis finally victimizes a human, it is 12 year-old Claudia, brilliantly played by Kirsten Dunst. Her Claudia evolves into a truly tormented soul—intellectually a woman forever trapped in a child’s body. Dunst’s performance is Oscar caliber.
So is Cruise’s. His vampire is really wacko. Always flamboyant, Lestat is way over the top…like his dancing with Claudia’s long-dead mother’s corpse in a Beetlejuice/Fred Astaire parody. He is the mentor-friend who keeps popping in and out of Louis’ life.
Lately, much has been said about the overt sexuality with this “family”of three vampires. There are moments of near homosexual embrace (Louis and Lestat) as well as a liaison between Claudia and Louis.
Certainly, director Jordan’s previous work in The Crying Game had similar dealings, minus vampires. Vampirism in film and literature has always included lustful implications, homoerotic and otherwise.
Interview includes great gothic sets, marvelous period costumes and chilling vampire makeup. (Check out those varicose-like veins in Cruise and Pitt’s pallid faces.)
One of several memorable fire sequences occurs during the time Louis and Claudia spend with a decadent theatrical troupe of vampires, led by Antonio Banderas. It is unforgettably surreal.
Interview with the Vampire is the film Oprah Winfrey and other celebrities bolted from the screening in shock and disgust.
Be forewarned that it is deservedly rated “R” for violence and nudity.
Maybe Oprah thought that “interview” meant “talk show.”
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GRADE on an A-F Scale: B+
(Steve Crum is the journalism teacher at Washington High School.)
‘Nell’ parallels 1948’s ‘Johnny Belinda’
[The following review was published in The Kansas City Kansan on Dec. 23, 1994. Since The Kansan was a local newspaper, the editor included the fact that I was also teaching at a local high school.]
By Steve Crum
It is the innocence of Nell in Nell that will squeeze tears out of most viewers. In fact, it is sometimes a rating experience to watch Nell because we know the at any minute Nell’s world will be invaded, her private life savaged.
Jodie Foster is Nell, and Jodie Foster will surely be nominated for an Oscar. Bank on it. Foster, who also produced, is stunning as the backwoods child-woman whose link with humans has been almost solely through her late mother. Since her mother was partially paralyzed and her speech grossly distorted, Nell’s speech is similarly impaired through exposure. Add to that the mother abusive control over Nell. (She was never permitted to leave the house in daylight.)
So what happens when a local doctor (Liam Neeson) is called to trek the boondocks after the mother’s corpse is discovered? He finds Nell in hiding, and is obsessed with trying to communicate with her. A local psychiatrist (Natashia Richardson) is also involved.
Piecing together Nell’s language and personality, the two are fearful early on of a media circus once Nell’s existence is known.
Another Oscar envelope, please, to Neeson. Neeson is a fascinating actor. As Oskar Schindler in last year’s Schindler’s List, Neeson underplayed with powerful reserve. Now he excites us about discovering what makes Nell tick. He makes us care that he cares. That he knows too well how vulnerable Nell is only frustrates us more.
1948’s Johnny Belinda is the story of a deaf-mute young woman whose innocence was corrupted. Thanks to a sensitive local doctor who teaches her sign language, Belinda is able to tell him and community her story.
The parallel to Nell is striking. The joy of communication lives in both films. Nell’s doctor is driven in similar was as Belinda’s, and once the truth is known, then what? The doctor has become the protectorate—or as Nell calls Neeson’s Lovell, her “guardian angel.” It is at this point, the last third of the film, that Nell becomes contrived. Blame

the writers, William Nicholson and Mark Handley, for tacking on an epilogue (“Five years later…”). Tack on director Michael Apted as well.
But it is the first two-thirds, encompassing the discovery of Nell that spotlights Foster, Neeson and Richardson’s ensemble performances, that clinches.
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GRADE on an A-F Scale: B+
(Steve Crum is the journalism teacher at Washington High School.)
Unique ‘The Secret Agent’ covers Brazil ’77 in deadly ways
By Steve Crum
The Secret Agent is a fascinating, at times confusing, historical political thriller set in Brazil during 1977. Corruption and turmoil abound with a military dictatorship in power. What a not so great time for widower Armando Solimões (well played by Wagner Moura) to return home to his young son Fernando (Enzo Nunes).
Incidentally, much of the story confusion is attributed to the film’s Brazilian Portuguese language. Sure, it is subtitled in English, but…be aware. The plot centers on Armando, who left the country some time ago due to both the death of his wife as well as his work with anti-government resistance. His son has been staying with elderly relatives. Because the police are still searching for Armando, he uses the alias Marcelo.
It doesn’t take long for Armando/Marcelo to encounter crooked police as he stops for gasoline on the outskirts of Recife. A man’s rotting body is partially covered by a sheet as it lies where it has been for several days. And that’s a few feet from the gas pumps! No doubt the police killed him. I won’t go into detail about all the violence in The Secret Agent, but it is plentiful—based on the facts of that time.
Produced, written and directed by Kleber Mondonça Filho, The Secret Agent follows Armando as he reconnects with his son, becomes active once
again with his dissident friends, and eludes being killed when a contract is placed on his life. The action becomes even more intense and bloody.
Along the way, expect mini-adventures with a severed leg (which makes headlines in local news), a man-eating shark, a hungry pack of dogs, open sex on the streets, and great comradery among the dissidents.
There is also a clever conclusion, per se epilogue, featuring Wagner Moura in another surprising role.
A supporting cast led by Carlos Francisco, Tânia Maria and Robério Diógenes are pluses. Add Evgenia Alexandrova’s cinematography. And tack on that yellow VW Beetle!
At the film’s beginning, 1977 Brazil is described as a “period of great mischiefs.” Indeed so.
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GRADE on an A-F Scale: B+
